Historical documen Essay

Do you believe every historical document or book was true? Before, we consider if the historical documents or books are true; first, we have to look at the historical event with a different point of view because it is easy to get biased information; if we only focus on one side of the event. In the book After The Fact â€Å"The View from the Bottom Rail† by James West Davidson and Mark Hamilton Lytle, the authors demonstrate that discovering the historical story of the freed people is difficult because histories deal with â€Å"top rail† rather than the â€Å"bottom rail† of the lower social classes. Therefore, the freed people’s history has become flawed. Writing about a historical event is exceedingly difficult, because we have to consider different points of view. Thus, if a historian focused on only one side of the story, the historical event will remain biased. For example, the history of slavery was biased and was not accurate. According to the authors, the black slaves could not read or write during that time; even if someone could read, they had to hide this skill from their masters. Then, almost of the written books or documents about slavery were written by the white masters. Therefore, the information was not only accurate but also biased because the information came from white masters rather than slaves who actually know the truth. Moreover, although the interviews came from slaves, almost every interviewee experienced slavery by his or her childhood; therefore, the interviews were also biased because they focused on those who survived slavery. As the author explains, â€Å"the average life expectancy of a slave in 1850 was less than fifty years†(Davison and Lytle 180). Thus, when they were interviewed by someone, they were old. Two-thirds of them were over 80 years old; that could lead us to assume that they were treated less harsh than other people who died early because of harsher treatment in earlier years. Moreover, as interviewees get older, their memories could fade, and they could not certainly remember the details. This is common sense that if the event occurred a long time ago, the person could not remember every detail. In addition, the interviewees couldn’t answer honestly because they were scared. One interviewee says,† I’ve told you too much. How come they want all this stuff from the colored people anyway? Do you take any stories from the white people?† (Davison and Lytle 183). Like the interviewee, other interviewees were also scared to speak out about what they really experienced because they thought speaking out frankly would put them in a trouble. Therefore, they could not answer honestly. In retrospect, the slave interviews become flawed, and it was biased, because the interviews were not considering different points of view. Additionally, there was no voice recorder, which could provide us with what the interviewees truly said to the interviewer. Therefore, when we look at historical events, we have to consider different points of view; thus, we do not accept everything we just find out or read. As the authors state, we cannot believe everything at â€Å"face value† before we carefully discover.

Critical Analysis of Edgar Allen Poes The Raven The WritePass Journal

Critical Analysis of Edgar Allen Poes The Raven Introduction Critical Analysis of Edgar Allen Poes The Raven IntroductionReferencesRelated Introduction Edgar Allen Poe, when people see his name many think of scary or melancholy.   He has written many literary works that have traveled through the ages and become classics studied everywhere.   The Raven published in January of 1845 by The Evening Mirror was the poem that escalated Poe into poet status. Originally it is said that Poe went to his former employer a man named Rex Graham and tried to sell the poem to him but was politely declined but given 15 dollars as a simple charity.1 He later sold the poem to The American Review which gave him 9 dollars for it but published under a pseudonym of Quarles which was an English poet at the time.   It was not until January 29, 1845 that The Evening Mirror gave Poe his fame and published The Raven under his actual name.   The poem was an instant success and set his writing career soaring.   There was much debate and discussion about the meaning and the symbolism of this poem once published.   It caused quite a stir in the literary community.   Critical opinion was divided as to this poems status but it has remained one of the most famous poems ever written. Because of the poems great success Poe wrote a follow up essay called The Philosophy of Composition which described the working of The Raven.   He stated that the poem was written as if it was a mathematical problem.   He stressed that the reader must be able to read the poem in its entirety in just one sitting.   He believed you lost the meaning of the poem and the reader if they had to come back to it.   They should be able to take it all in one read.   Poe stated that a poem should stay somewhere around a hundred lines.   The Raven has exactly 108 lines.   This poem was actually written backwards.   He wrote the 3rd to the last stanza first and then wrote backwards from there.   He stated that the effect was determined first then the whole plot so the web will grow backwards from there for a single effect.   Poe was a great believer that to truly write anything one must first have a truly great plot. The symbolism in The Raven has been the most debated. Poes use of a raven in his poem has always been of great interest.   Many believe he drew from many references.   In Norse mythology Odin had two ravens Huginn and Muninn which represented though and memory. The book of Genesis makes the raven out to be a bird of ill omen.   According to Hebrew folklore, Noah sends a white raven out to check conditions while on the ark.   It learns that the flood waters are receding, but doesnt come immediately back with the news.   It is punished by being turned black and forced to feed on carrion forever.2 According to Adams in Ovidss Metamorphoses, a raven also begins as white before Apollo punishes it by turning it black for delivering a message of a lovers unfaithfulness.3  Ã‚   A lot of his critics believe this is some of the history he may have pulled upon when deciding about what type of bird to use.   By choosing the raven it made the poem more dark and supernatural , especially when Poe is describing the environment the young lover is sitting in while pining over his lost Lenore.   In The Philosophy of Composition Poe stated that he had actually considered using a parrot for the bird but it did not give the supernatural and foreboding feeling that the raven would. The ravens only spoken word through the whole poem is nevermore.   To give this more power in the poem he has the bird come in an perch on the bust of Pallus.   This represents the goddess of wisdom.   He chose this so that when the raven speaks the words nevermore it will possibly give him an air of wisdom instead stock and store being the only word he knows and just speaks it randomly.   He believed by using the raven and having it speak this one word throughout the whole poem it made the nevermores much more powerful when spoken in response to the narrator or young mans questions.   Each time the narrator would ask a question the raven simply answered nevermore.   He wanted to use something that would be utterly non-reasoning so it would have a powerful meaning when speaking, thus the use of the bird. The poem is about an allegedly young man who is sitting alone on a dark and very bleak December night pining over the loss of his one true love Lenore.   He is reading books of lore to help ease the pain of his loss.   It is then that he hears the tapping on the chamber door and opens it to find only emptiness. One can almost feel the bleakness and the loneness he must have felt being alone in his study with barely a fire left and everything dark around him.   It almost is letting you think he is completely lost in his own misery from his loss.   Everything is bleak and dark.   When the raven comes a tapping he at first is startled and then starts questioning that maybe it is something else.   He believes it could be the devil come to torture him over his loss.   He says the raven is from the nights plutonian shore or a messenger for the afterlife.   When after each inquiry he gives the bird it only responds as nevermore.   At first the nevermore response is taken as a silly bird that has only learned only one word and has accidentally flown from his master place, but when the bird actually makes his appearance and sits upon the bust of Pallus the young narrator starts to think maybe there is more to this raven than meets the eye. When the bird has perched upon the bust the young man is mesmerized by his presence and pulls up a chair.   He is now cast in the shadow of this mysterious bird and cannot leave his spot.   He believes many different things of this bird always inquiring about his lost Lenore.   The bird simply answers nevermore.   This at first agitates the man but as the poem continues towards the end he simply admits that his soul is trapped forever under the ravens shadow not to be lifted nevermore.   Here is when one could believe that this is the turning point where the young narrator has finally given in to his sadness and simply doesnt want to go on anymore without his beloved Lenore. The poem is actually sad.   A young man has lost the love of his life and is simply alone in this world and is having trouble entertaining the thought of going on without his missed and mourned love. The whole mood of this poem is very Poe.   Its dark and melancholy and scary no wonder so many have reprinted it.   Another thing this poem is noted for is its poetic structure.   This poem was made up of 18 stanzas with 6 lines each.   According to Richard Kopely the meter is trochaic octameter-eight trochaic feet per line, with each foot having one stressed syllable followed by one unstressed syllable.4  Ã‚  Ã‚   Poe claims that the poem is a combination of octameter acatalectic, heptameter catalectic and tetrameter catalectic.   The rhyme scheme is ABCBBB or AA,B,CC,CB,B,B when accounting for the internal rhyme.5 Another structure that this poem uses heavily is alliteration.   Alliteration is the repetition of consonant sounds in a series of words.   An example would be such as doubting, dreaming dreams.   Edgar Allen Poe was also reported as having a very extensive vocabulary. He would many times use words that were not commonly used.   In The Raven Poe used ancient and poetic language together because he thought it was appropriate because of the meaning of the poem,   A young lover who spends most of his time with books of forgotten Lore.   Examples of words he used in this poem are Seraphim which is a six winged angel standing in the presence of God. Another is Nepenthe which is a potion used by ancients to induce forgetfulness or sorrow.   Balm of Gilead is a soothing ointment made in Palestine. Plutonian the God of the underworld in Roman mythology. Poe believed the use of these words only enhanced the meaning he wanted to achieve in writing The Raven.  Ã‚   The internal words of rapping and tapping and napping create an internal rhyme that is said to be almost musical and combined with the alliteration it becomes hypnotic.   Onomatopoeia is also used throughout this poem.   This is words that sound like what they describe.   An example would be in lines 13-18 where rustling is used. As mentioned earlier the publication of the The Raven made Edgar Allen Poe and instant success.   Not only was it printed for its large demand but also parodied.   These showed up all over the North.   There were some downfalls to this publication.   Although loved and adored there were some who simply did not believe he actually wrote it.   Some believed he stole it from a Charles Dickens Story titled Barnaby Rudge: A Tale of the Riots of Eighty.   The ravens in both stories are said to bear a great resemblance.   An anonymous writer is said to have written in to The Evening Mirror the publication who printed The Raven and suggested that it was plagiarized from a poem called The Bird of the Dream by an unnamed author.   They stated that 18 similarities between the poems existed.   At Poes death his friend Thomas Chivers claimed that Poes Raven was plagiarized from one of his poems and also claimed he was the inspiration for the meter of the poem.   Whatever the case Edgar Allen Poe will always be the one credited for the great masterpiece.   Many speculate that he wrote this poem in either 10 days or maybe 10 years one will never know.   This poem did not bring him much financial success but did make him a literary success.   His friend Elizabeth Barett wrote and told Poe that his raven had created a big sensation over in England.   Many of her friends are overtaken with fear while others are by the music the lyrics seem to display as you read.   Poe received many invitations public and private to recite this poem.   Many thought just to hear him recite this poem was an event in ones life.   Poe would come in and turn the lamp light low until the entire room was almost dark.   He would then stand near the center of the room and start to recite his poem in a very commanding voice.   It was state that the chosen he read this poem to were so mesmerized that they would almost not draw a breathe out of fright until he was done reading this poem.   It takes quite a literary genius to illicit this kind of resonse from an audience listening to something you wrote.   One can only imagine what the mood of the room must have been like, the room dark and foreboding and then one lone voice speaking of a lone young man who is lost and lonely and mourning the loss of his love.   It takes a gifted writer to bring these kinds of emotions to a reader.   Not many have come down in our literary history, especially one who can bring so many emotions to the table when reading one of his poems.   All of his works seem to bring signs of foreboding or gloom around the corner.   Edgar Allen Poe is renowned with this reputation.   If it is dark and melancholy then it has to be Poe. References 1. Silverman, Kenneth, Edgar A Poe: Mournful and never-ending Remembrance. New York: Harper Perennial. Pg 237 2.   Hirsch, David H. The Raven and the Nightingale .pg 195 3.   Adams, John.Classical Raven Lore and Poes Raven in Poe Studies. Vol. V, no. 2, December 1972. Pg 53 4. Kopley, Richard and Kevin J. Hayes. Two verse masterworks: The Raven and Ulalume, collected in The Cambridge Companion to Edgar Allen Poe, edited by Kevin J. Hayes. New York: Cambridge University press, 2002. Pg 192-193 5. Sova, Dawn B. Edgar Allen Poe: A to Z. New York City: Checkmark Books, 2001. Pg 208

Hawaiian Sugar Plantation essays

Hawaiian Sugar Plantation essays In the 1890s, plantation owners devised a plan to use and maintain their cheap labor. Early laborers consisted of mainly Japanese and Chinese origin. Fear of strikes from Japanese laborers occurring and running their plan to continue the cheap labor to the ground caused managers to recruit other workers from other countries. When the contract labor system was terminated, the Hawaiian Sugar Planters Association organized ways to keep wages low. One way they constituted their plan was to form wage-fixing agreement between the plantations. Even with laws and restrictions going against immigration of more people from other countries, the association just resorted to other sources of legal labor.. They find workers from other countries like Philippines and Korea. When strikes did break out, it was resolved, such as the 1920 strike in Oahu. Numerous strategies were improvised and were maintained for a period of time to keep wages low, but the efficiency wore down as numerous attempts w ere made by laborers to counter strike with their ways of retaliation. Many sugar plantation laborers were mainly from China and Japan (Takaki, 25). Chinese and Japanese workers were placed on the plantation together to phase off the possibility of disputes or strikes with plantation owners. The first tactic they used was combining Chinese laborers with Japanese laborers, regulating a certain ratio of 2/3rd between the Chinese and Japanese (Takaki, 26). Their hypothesis was that the feud or disputes between the two races would occupy them enough to prevent them from causing an opposition upon the owners. Their plan to use Chinese to dilute the Japanese population on the field was shot down after the annex of Hawaii to The United States Of America. Chinese immigrants were not allowed because immigration laws. In place of the Chinese, Koreans were brought in with the notion that they had enmity toward Japanese. Korean workers started to...

Find a multinational trading or manufacturing organisation of your Research Paper

Find a multinational trading or manufacturing organisation of your choice. Describe and evaluate the changing business environme - Research Paper Example Also explored in this paper is the impact of change on the organizational structure and general performance of the company. Performance was assessed through a comparative analysis of the company’s strengths and that of the competitors. Financial reports were also used to establish the trends of performance as they relate to the various changes undertaken by the company. Introduction PepsiCo Inc., remains one of the leading food and beverage companies both in the United States and in different parts of the world. Over the years, the company has undergone structural and managerial changes aimed towards enhancing its market profile and general performance. Longitudinal inquiries into the company’s potential show that the company has continued to post impressive financial results as a result of strategic changes in its internal systems and supply chain (Bachmeier 141). PepsiCo’s expansion into Asia, Europe, Africa, and other parts of the world demonstrates a determin ed agenda of breaking into new market segments beyond its original geographical niche. The same determination manifests itself through the mergers, acquisitions, and purchases that the company has undertaken in the course of its operation. ... A diversified range of products remains one of the strongest selling points by which PepsiCo manages to maintain an impressive lead on the global market. It might be argued that some of the changes that relate to the company’s change of profile are necessarily linked to market forces, which tend to favor multinationals and bid corporations. On this note, it remains evident that the changes in the processes and structures of the company had some significant impacts in terms of growth and profitability. Sustained competition with other food and beverage companies on the market has occasioned a shift in production methods with the aim of retaining its hold on the market share. The reliance on both carbonated and un-carbonated drinks has allowed the company to attend to the diverse tastes of the market, which also translates into increased revenue flow. One of the competitive advantages that PepsiCo enjoys over its main rival is the diverse product range. Essentially, the performa nce of PepsiCo could be assessed from the perspective of the various factors that attend to the dynamics of global competition. Consistently, PepsiCo has engaged in strategic corporate social responsibility programs that are aimed at promoting healthy nutrition in the wider society. This strategy weighs into public concerns of proper nutrition in the wake of diet-related lifestyle diseases. The Business Environment PepsiCo operates in a highly competitive business environment particularly because it relates to the health and nutrition of populations. The food and beverage business environment attracts new players every year due to the high returns on capital for the successful ventures. The competitive nature of the environment

How effective was development of the Europe economic in 1500 CE Research Paper

How effective was development of the Europe economic in 1500 CE - Research Paper Example The idea of states with a standing army and bureaucratic process began to take root, and this changed the world’s perspective of Europe. This paper will elaborate on the development of Europe economy in 1500 AD and illustrate how this period saw the advancement of technology by great inventions such as gunpowder, relatively advanced ships, improved navigation techniques, and the printing press would be the premise of change in Europe. Changes in Social Structure The chaos of the late middle Ages did not equally affect the inhabitants of Europe. Advancement in military technology and better pikemen in the battlefield challenged the dominance of the knights in battle; the title of being a noble began to reduce in value and stature. The Economic challenges of the Middle Ages saw an increased in labor shortages and this translated to higher prices of commodities (Acemoglu, Johnson and Robinson 57). The wealth belonging to the people In nobility was cut into by the high inflation o f that time, and this was due to the static value of land which was the base of their wealth. A large number of peasants in Europe had attained the capacity to purchase their freedom from their lords; they began to pay a fixed amount of rent instead of paying them with labor. Due to the high inflation, the rent paid by the tenants was insufficient to satisfy their needs and therefore the value of nobility declined. Not all nobles were affected by inflation; some nobles sought employment from the king and were taken on to join the army or work as courtiers. A good number of people lost their nobility status from having involving themselves with agriculture and commerce like the middle class. Despite the loss in value, nobles were still held in high standing in society; for that reason, the now wealthy middle class began buying nobility titles from the king, surrendering their business oriented lives, settling in landed in landed estates. The provision of buying nobility titles enable d the noble class to be replenished despite its rapidly dwindling numbers. Western Europe did not have any peasants by 1500, most of the former peasants owned their own land by that time. In addition to that, the middle class was getting higher due to their increasing wealth and the positions held in the Kingdom. Recovery of the Economy Europe’s economic rebirth happened on the foundation of agriculture. The aftermath of the conflicts in the middle ages weakened the nobles and the church that had great influence on economic activities. The reduced influence of the church and nobles led to the emergence of well-structured monarchies in Western Europe that safeguarded peace encouraging the growth of commerce and trade. Peasant s that had not lost their lives in the Black Death inherited land belonging to the deceased and were able to improve their standards of living. Agricultural production standards rapidly rose due to the fact the former peasants worked on their own land and this motivated them to work harder than they did before. The improved standards of living and food security fueled an increase in population; it is estimated that the population rose to 70 million from 50 million fifty years earlier (Janssen 89). The economic recovery had a great trickle-down effect that cumulated to the creation of capitalist economic system. The effects were: 1. The rapid population growth had the implication that

Consumer Behavior Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Consumer Behavior Analysis - Essay Example Economists have analyzed that all types of goods and services need not be advertized for the purpose of sales. Producer’s decisions to incur advertisement expenses largely depend on the market or industry concerned. Competitive market producers never go for advertisement expenses, like the sellers and producers of potatoes (Yeshin, 2006). When business firms face high monopolistic or imperfect competitive markets then they resort to high advertisement expenses. Personal care products are consumer goods products and its trading involves cut thought competition. Large number of business firms enter in such trading and the major differences between their products is qualitative in nature. Thus while targeting the young generations between 18 to 35 years in U.S.; the company must select an appropriate advertising strategy. A good slogan or message for advertisement is the one that is simple, clear and short. The slogan should be easy so that most of the buyers in the market of dif ferent classes can relate to it. â€Å"Every Man is Unique† can be an appropriate message for the personal care products for young men. This is because personal care products like shaving accessories; face wash etc. helps to keep the looks fresh and good (Pure Health, 2011). The viewer ship ratings of a product largely depend on the popularity of the advertisement slogan. ... Demand for personal care products depends on the tastes and preferences of the consumers. For some buyers requirement of personal care products may be an act of necessary consumption. While for others it may be a type of comfort good. While marketing a range of consumer care products for men in U.S., a seller might have several difficulties to attract the consumers. This is because U.S. exhibits different types of cultures in its society. The culture in U.S. is primarily western in nature but still influenced by African, Asian and Latin American cultures. Thus the company must consider different types of culture in U.S. and carry its business activities. There are also many other cultures in U.S. like Polynesian and Native American cultures. The essay tries to analyze different cultures appeal for personal care products, the three cultures considered are African, Asian and Latin American. Africans in America resemble the Black Culture in the society. They are traditional in their tho ught and firmly follow the heritage and culture of Africa (FROST, 2012). It is empirically found that despite of the global crisis, the industry for toilet soap has remained successful in Africa (FROST, 2012). The Africans create high demand for personal care products. Thus appeal for male personal care products would be high from the Africans in U.S. The demand for male grooming products in Asian countries is rising significantly. Many natives in U.S. are from Asian families. So it can be analyzed that the demand for male grooming products will be good from the Asians living in U.S. Latin American men consider themselves to be good looking. The consumers of Latin American cultures are demand for large quantities of cosmetics in

Capstone Project Essay Example for Free

Capstone Project Essay Introduction The use of network services is increasing the management amount of copper and fiber cabling. This results in an ever increasing workload that must be maintained or reconfigured; resulting in challenges to organizational profitability. One of the challenges that arises is how does an administrator maintain a complex work environment when increased profits, fewer capital and operating resources are limited. One might suggest growing a complex network infrastructure requires operation efficiency with a desire to manage and protect cables without interrupting the workflow for clients. However, given the challenges affecting wireless service providers; maintaining focus and quality are just the fundamentals. The administrator is limited to the organizations profitability and cost variance when determining the best approach. These factors play a role which will likely affect the infrastructure as a whole. It is interesting enough to point out that towards the perspective of a network administrator; an issue should remain dormant and should never happen when the proper implications are set in place. However, because we live in an intractable world the possibility for a scenario is plausible. Capstone Proposal Summary As a volunteer for a network security survey for Aon Corp; the following survey was designed to point out vulnerabilities within the organizational network servers specifically under the surety office location where class mates using workstations were experiencing frustrating issues pertaining to network instability. The survey was intended to identify on whether security implications were required so that an upgrade request may be delivered. A staff meeting was set in place where we  interviewed the client regarding their needs. It is always a good choice to understand the fundamental needs of the client prior to making any changes to the network. After spending several hours brainstorming the client’s demands a solution has been reached. The project setting has been laid out clearly. During my timeframe interviewing the client I have gained the necessary background knowledge to understand my client’s visions building a strong mutual connection. Understanding this connection has entitled me to diagnose the network accordingly. As a part of the survey Aon Corp has several requirements prior to jumping into the project. First it was mandatory to inspect the minimum system requirements of the client machines. In the past latency issues have derived primarily to out of date hardware or device drivers as opposed to a security breach. It is always a wise choice to update these configurations while running the appropriate operating system updates which may all be contributing factors. During the prerequisite stage of the survey the required information is gathered to develop an effective network survey which would alleviate resource constraint. Rational Systems Analysis It is always a wise choice to research similar case studies that may provide beneficial information relating to similar scenarios. I have done as such building my understanding of these scenarios which has a given me some background to my clients concerns. Several user friendly applications have offered me assistance analyzing security loop holes. They are the Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer (MBSA) and Windows Server Update Services (WSUS). With accordance to the Microsoft website; the Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer is a user friendly tool emphasized for technicians with a focus on assisting medium sized businesses. The tool focuses on the security state of the network with accordance to Microsoft recommendations providing guidelines and support. The user may download Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer (MBSA) from Microsoft.com as it is a well-known tool for all IT technicians. Once the tool has been successfully installed the administrator has the ability to scan multiple end users on the local network median. Upon completion of the scan the user is delivered a report highlighting potential threats along with missing updates. Some of these updates may include missing application patches, operations system  updates, and advised the user on whether a Windows firewall is running. MBSA has the ability to examine administrative accounts along with password policies. See Figure A for example. Figure A As technology advances, administrative technicians need to adjust to the challenges ahead. Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer is a great tool to maintain the integrity of your network infrastructure. Scott Lowe (2004), a Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer, said the following regarding the Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer: â€Å"Supporting a huge number of Microsoft applications, MBSA can serve you in two ways. First, it will help you keep your servers protected from problems; second, with powerful reporting capabilities, it can help you actually learn why you need to do the things that are suggested so you can make an educated decision as to whether something is an acceptable risk in your environment.† Project Goals and Objectives The objective towards the following project was to initiate a plan to upgrade Aon Corp network infrastructure alleviating latency issues better improving the efficiency and flow of data across the network median. A current unstable network prolonged business growth capacity making it difficult for end users to utilize resources effectively. Without the essential resources company growth was at a bottleneck. Breaking down the goals and objectives for the following project was essential in providing a remedy to the issue, they are as follows: Client must receive a current system image snapshot -Survey of a workstation must be documented -Survey of a server must be documented -Microsoft Baseline Security tool must be run saving each workstation along with the server A scheduled protocol plan must be provided articulating details for the client on overall performance and network stability. Client must be advised of a detailed schematic for preventative measures along with upkeep Client must be given an  instructional manual for managing updates related to the operating system and antivirus software Client must be given an estimate on productivity along with return of investment In order to present the deliverables to the client; a solid fundamental understanding of the clients requirements must be developed. Acquiring a background understanding is essential in order to understand the business process and what the client wants to achieve out of their network infrastructure. Without understanding the big picture the project would certainly fail. Pre-SurveyClientMeeting The goal and objective here was to initiate a meeting with the client to discuss the business orientation and the process relations to their workstations. The clients company being a training institution; certain software was required in order for the firm to achieve their business goals. The applications required minimum system specs in order to run efficiently. During the preliminary phase of the meeting the business model and goals were discussed. Operational hours were taken into consideration as a set schedule was established for performing the survey. As the meeting came to an end a survey schematic was brought to the client’s attention in order to calculate return on investment upon project completion (refer to Appendix 2). The success of the meeting was met and the first objective was complete. Upon the completion of the survey the client was provided with an executable plan laying out the details of the upgrade and preventative measures. However, the full execution will be help outside the Capstone; it will be the key highlight to the success of the business goals. Network Security Survey As a prerequisite to the survey several spreadsheets having been compiled for capturing images of data (refer to Appendix 3 along with Appendix 4). The first document entitles end user computers and second focuses on servers. As for the MBSA scans for each workstation; a thumb drive was used to save the results. Prior to beginning the survey an update was brought to my attention from the client that others may be working on these end-user machines as well. Because of my failure to follow through during the phone meeting advising of the time schedule, I needed to contact the  other administrators advising them of my presence. Fortunately, as I arrived at the designated project site there were many computers to survey. I began to survey the end-user machines not being surveyed. About 3 minutes elapsed for each workstation to survey; running Microsoft Baseline Security (MBSA) took about 11 minutes. Unfortunately, I have missed my goal of reaching the estimated number of computers being surveys as discussed in the preliminary meeting. The survey elapsed more time than I have predicted. On the other hand it was pleasant to know that the other administrators finished their portion of the project just in time before I got to them. Surveying the workstations went according to schedule, however, as I approached the servers several problems aroused. The list of passwords the client provided did not contain the correct characters as I attempted to log into the domain controller. The owner has left the building and was unable to achieve my goal with surveying the servers as planned thus leaving my network security survey incomplete. The following day the owner has been contacted and a scheduled return visit was planned. As the domain controller was surveyed; the security network part of the survey has been successfully completed. Despite the minor issues the survey went flawless; I would have followed through with the client more efficiently if the same scenario would have repeated itself. The desired goal has been achieved and a data image has been captured so the proposal upgrade can be finalized. Proposal Upgrade Preparation The upgrade proposal was designed to contain the following suggestions. Configuration of the Domain controller Configuration of the server Configuration of the workstation Suggestions for Malware/Antivirus Report for ROI Security guide for the end-user Timeline of Upgrade As assumptions defining the network configuration have been made. Unknowingly an assumption was made that the domain controller is established as the default gateway, DNS and DHCP server. I came to understand that their infrastructure was split into four subnets. ISA server was in between the  ISP acting as NAT, DNS, DHCP, and RRAS server. Logically understanding that their domain controller was their default gateway, DHCP, and DNS server; the services were contained on the internal network. Failing to understand the possibility of a network perimeter my assumptions were incorrect. Eventually I was able to complete each task item provided above; a presentation with the client would finalize this portion of the project. The task was completed, however, not within the desired timeframe. Presentation Proposal As the completion of the proposal has been achieved a client meeting has been scheduled. The agenda of the meeting is as follows: 1. Discussing survey results (network state) 2. Hardware discussion / software suggestions 3. Projected ROI and cost 4. Questions 5. Schedule implementation Despite the presentation lasting 2 hours it was a success. Proper planning along with a satisfying network survey were the predecessors leading to this success. The network survey went very smooth and efficient. The proposal was straight to the point and meaningful for the client. As the following goal completed and the deliverables presented to the client project completion has been achieved. Due to the clients satisfactions with the deliverables the project has moved forward to the next portion of the upgrade phase. Project Timeline The timeline of the project was compiled using a Gantt chart from the software Microsoft Office Project 2012. The project plan along with the details are listed in Figure B. As indicated in Figure B, the project time frame was expected to take 238 days.   Several areas took time constraint. First the network survey as previously indicated where I failed to follow through with the client after the preliminary phase of the meeting. This resulted in the client scheduling students on campus on the same timeframe as the survey. Fortunately, there  were enough end-user computers to perform the survey. In time the remainder of the students have left the building freeing up those workstations as well. Forgetting to get a confirmation of the amount of workstations at the preliminary meeting indivertibly resulted in my underestimation of the amount of time it would take to survey the total amount of workstations. The client password list for the domain controllers portrayed to be the only problem I have run into when performing the survey resulting in a setback. Because I have forgotten to request the following information from the client; the survey was setback from the estimated time for completion; resulting in a day setback. Compiling the proposal was another task that was miscalculated. Fortunately, I was able to finalize the project in one day thus keeping the project within the constraints of the timeline. Client satisfaction was the ultimate goal as they were very grateful. It is expected that situations as such will not always go accordingly to plan; however, without the clients support the project would not have gone as smooth. Planning a larger margin while taking a less aggressive attitude at the preliminary meeting would have avoided such issues. Project Development During the preliminary development of the following project, Aon Corps network infrastructure was heading in an unknown direction pertaining to its economic success. Instabilities in their security policy, workstations were exponentially getting slower each day. Students along with testers were losing hope in the integrity of the company. Their mindset was affecting performance along with business profit opportunities. The project I was assigned to revolve around building a business by updating their network infrastructure to a level of efficiency. The concentration of the project focused on performing an upgrade solution that would provide this efficiency to the client. Original snapshots of the network were based in the upgrade proposal plan which was used to optimize the network. The optimal goal of the project was to implement a network infrastructure that would be secure. Just like all problems issues aroused during the progression of the project. Students were scheduled to be in the building at the time of the survey; a work around was developed as I was able to hinder another classroom. Upon completion of the workstations I was able to come back to the student’s  classroom which was cleared. Rearranging the order of the computers that have been surveyed the issue was concealed. Another situation that derived during development happened when I discovered that the client has given me the incorrect domain controller password list which did not contain the server administrative passwords. The lack of the following information would have definitely resulted in the project failing. Rescheduling the visit with the owner has alleviated this scenario. Unfortunately, because of the rescheduling the timeline has been pushed back preventing me from completing the project within the completion period. Anticipating that the network domain controller would be a configured as a default gateway. Assumptions were proven wrong and the configuration process to longer than expected. Due to an ISA server on the network perimeter changes to the configurations proposal had to be made. Creating an ROI report was another unanticipated event that was requested upon the client. Determining the monetary cost was difficult when comparing the proposed and current network conditions. Consequently, changes had to be made to the customer question business survey to assist me in these calculations. Gracefully, the client was able to agree upon these terms. Actual and Potential Effects Majority of the following section will focus on potential effects due to the project being a proposal. The project effects can be conceived by indicating that the client had a clear perspective towards the network infrastructure and how in its previous state it has manipulated business continuity. The client experienced the previous state and was provided with a schematic to the current stable state. Empowering the client with the details providing them with a clear understanding influenced them to take action thus changing their network infrastructure to one that works efficiently. The potential positives to the following plan are as follows. Should the client comply with the proposal providing the solution to their network; they will be rewarded with a network that is optimally configured. This will result in network operating efficiency and business processes will maintain its integrity. Less classroom interruptions will arouse related to workstation issues. Students taking tests will be less frustrated due to server crashes along with workstations. Customer  confidence in Aon corp will increase. The potential of business growth will result from the following project. There will be an ease of urgency related to network related issues. The organization can now focus on its business model focusing on their clients. Conclusion The capstone portrayed to be exciting yet challenging providing to be rewarding as well. In terms of goals and objectives I believe that it was successful. Client satisfaction has been achieved as each goal and object has been delivered. The reason why it was so successful and effective is due to the methodical planning prior to the initiation of the project. The necessity of preparation along with the preliminary client meetings has given me the fundamental understand on how to start building the project. Building a plan has given me an effective tool to deliver the clients expectations. Attention to detail along with effective communication were advantage points that designed an effective proposal. The client was efficient in being proactive by understanding the problem at point and expressing their concerns. Together a proposed plan has been derived that would act as a roadmap to that optimal network infrastructure. Flexibility and client patience played an important role during the hiccup moments of the project. The ability to determine alternative routes in an event of hitting a wall is essential to the success of any project. As the project manager it was my pleasure to achieve the client’s deliverables along with the satisfaction that they truly deserve. References Keystone Strategy, Inc Study (2005). Why IT Matters in Midsized Firms. Retrieved January 31, 2007 from http://www.key inc.com/it_matters.shtml. Lowe, Scott (2004). Verify security settings on Windows XP using Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer 1.2. Retrieved June 23, 2007 from http://articles.techrepublic.com.com/5100-1035_11-5221961.html. Microsoft (2007). City of Stratford Brings Down the Curtain on its Legacy System with Server Upgrade. Retrieved June 23, 2007 from http://www.microsoft.com/canada/casestudies/cityofstratford.mspx. Microsoft (2007). Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer. Retrieved June 23, 2007 from http://www.microsoft.com/technet/Security/tools/mbsahome.mspx. Microsoft (2007). Windows Vista Capable and Premium Ready PCs. Retrieved January 31, 2007 from http://www.microsoft.com/windows/products/windowsvista/buyorupgr ade/capable.mspx. Sherman, Erik (2007). Investing in IT for a Competitive Edge. Retrieved January 31, 2007, from http://www.microsoft.com/business/momentum/content/article.aspx?c Appendix 1: Capstone Competency Matrix The graduate responds appropriately to diversity issues in the workplace. Implements an intuitive understanding of cultural and religious backgrounds; open to opinions in an attempt to understand diverse perspectives within the organization. Upper Division Collegiate Level Reasoning and Problem Solving The graduate analyzes open-ended problems by learning about the problem and evaluating the accuracy and relevance of different Quality control is effective at determining common occurrences in issues; therefore, updating rules/protocols alleviate the issue at point. Upper Division Collegiate Level Reasoning and Problem Solving The graduate recognizes the value of critical thinking in identifying and understanding the underlying structures of disciplines and professions. Organizational issues are indifferent each day; critical thinking along with brainstorming are essential in order to research a resolution to problematic issues. Upper Division Collegiate Level Reasoning and Problem Solving The graduate demonstrates effective presentational communication strategies in a given context. Applies trial  and error to mimic the problem; then applies extensive research in reaching a solution to the issue. The research along with the problem is then logged as evidence for future claims. Language and Communication The graduate applies foundational elements of effective communication Communicates effectively in a stressful environment providing attention to detail. Language and Communication The graduate demonstrates effective presentational communication strategies in a given context. Evaluates graphical representation software to determine a flaw or an instability in performance/security of the organization. Security The graduate identifies and discusses basic concepts of security and security threats, and recommends security procedures. Implements a secure environment for each individual client PC; educating users on the importance of potential threats to network security. Security The graduate identifies security needs and recommends appropriate security practices for network infrastructure. Educates staff on the importance of implementing sufficient tools and policies in an attempt to protect the integrity of data crucial to the organization infrastructure.